How to Catch a Leprechaun Read Aloud Story

Irish legendary creature

A leprechaun (Irish: leipreachán/luchorpán) is a diminutive supernatural being in Irish folklore, classed by some every bit a blazon of solitary fairy. They are unremarkably depicted equally little bearded men, wearing a coat and chapeau, who partake in mischief. In later on times, they take been depicted as shoe-makers who accept a hidden pot of gilded at the terminate of the rainbow.

Leprechaun-like creatures rarely appear in Irish mythology and simply became prominent in later folklore.

Etymology

The Anglo-Irish (Hiberno-English) word leprechaun is descended from Old Irish luchorpán or lupracán,^[one] via various (Middle Irish gaelic) forms such equally luchrapán, lupraccán,^{[2] [three]} (or var. luchrupán).^[a]

Modern forms

The current spelling leipreachán is used throughout Republic of ireland, merely there are numerous regional variants.^[6]

John O'Donovan's supplement to O'Reilly's Irish-English Dictionary defines lugharcán, lugracán, lupracán as "a sprite, a pigmy; a fairy of a atomic size, who e'er carries a purse containing a shilling".^{[7] [eight] [b]}

The Irish term leithbrágan in O'Reilly's Lexicon^[10] has as well been recognized as an alternative spelling.^[8]

Other variant spellings in English have included lubrican, leprehaun, and lepreehawn. Some modern Irish books use the spelling lioprachán.^[11] The get-go recorded instance of the word in the English language linguistic communication was in Dekker's comedy The Honest Whore, Part 2 (1604): "Every bit for your Irish lubrican, that spirit / Whom by preposterous charms thy lust hath rais'd / In a wrong circle."^[11]

Meanings

The give-and-take may accept been coined as a compound of the roots lú or laghu (from Greek: ἐ-λαχύ "small") and corp (from Latin: corpus "body"), or so information technology had been suggested past Whitley Stokes.^{[12] [c]} Notwithstanding, enquiry published in 2019 suggests that the discussion derives from the Luperci and the associated Roman festival of Lupercalia.^{[14] [15] [sixteen]}

Folk etymology derives the word from leith (half) and bróg (brogue), because of the frequent portrayal of the leprechaun equally working on a single shoe, as evident in the culling spelling leithbrágan.^{[10] [8] [d]}

Early attestations

A leprechaun counts his golden in this engraving c. 1900

The earliest known reference to the leprechaun appears in the medieval tale known as the Echtra Fergus mac Léti (Adventure of Fergus son of Léti).^[17] The text contains an episode in which Fergus mac Léti, King of Ulster, falls comatose on the beach and wakes to notice himself being dragged into the ocean by three lúchorpáin. He captures his abductors, who grant him 3 wishes in exchange for release.^{[18] [xix]}

Folklore

The leprechaun is said to exist a solitary animal, whose primary occupation is making and cobbling shoes, and who enjoys applied jokes.^[20]

Nomenclature

The leprechaun has been classed as a "alone fairy" by the writer and amateur folklorist William Butler Yeats.^{[e] [22]} Yeats was part of the revivalist literary motion greatly influential in "calling attending to the leprechaun" in the late 19th century.^[23] This classification past Yeats is derived from D. R. McAnally (Irish Wonders, 1888) derived in turn from John O'Hanlon (1870).^[24]

Information technology is stressed that the leprechaun, though some may phone call it fairy, is clearly to exist distinguished from the Aos Sí (or the 'practiced people') of the fairy mounds (sidhe) and raths.^{[26] [27] [28] [f]} Leprachaun being lone is i distinguishing characteristic,^{[thirty] [31]} but additionally, the leprachaun is thought to only engage in pranks on the level of mischief, and requiring special circumspection, but in contrast, the Aos Sí may acquit out deeds more menacing to humans, e.g., the spiriting away of children.^[26]

This identification of leprechaun as a fairy has been consigned to popular notion by mod folklorist Diarmuid Ó Giolláin. Ó Giolláin observes that the dwarf of Teutonic and other traditions besides as the household familiar are more amenable to comparing.^[6]

According to William Butler Yeats, the great wealth of these fairies comes from the "treasure-crocks, cached of sometime in state of war-fourth dimension", which they take uncovered and appropriated.^[32] Co-ordinate to David Russell McAnally the leprechaun is the son of an "evil spirit" and a "degenerate fairy" and is "non wholly expert nor wholly evil".^[33]

Advent

Tourists with a novelty oversized Leprechaun in Dublin

The leprechaun originally had a different appearance depending on where in Ireland he was found.^[34] Prior to the 20th century, it was generally held that the leprechaun wore ruddy, not greenish. Samuel Lover, writing in 1831, describes the leprechaun as,

... quite a beau in his dress, notwithstanding, for he wears a cherry square-cut coat, richly laced with gold, and inexpressible of the same, cocked hat, shoes and buckles.^[35]

According to Yeats, the solitary fairies, like the leprechaun, article of clothing red jackets, whereas the "trooping fairies" wear green. The leprechaun's jacket has vii rows of buttons with 7 buttons to each row. On the western coast, he writes, the cherry-red jacket is covered past a frieze one, and in Ulster the animate being wears a cocked hat, and when he is upward to anything unusually mischievous, he leaps onto a wall and spins, balancing himself on the point of the hat with his heels in the air."^[36]

According to McAnally the universal leprechaun is described as

He is about 3 feet high, and is dressed in a trivial cerise jacket or roundabout, with red breeches buckled at the knee joint, grayness or blackness stockings, and a hat, artsy in the style of a century ago, over a little, old, withered face up. Round his cervix is an Elizabethan ruff, and frills of lace are at his wrists. On the wild westward coast, where the Atlantic winds bring nigh constant rains, he dispenses with ruff and frills and wears a frieze overcoat over his pretty ruby-red adapt, so that, unless on the picket for the cocked hat, ye might pass a Leprechawn on the road and never know it's himself that's in it at all.

This dress could vary past region, however. In McAnally's business relationship there were differences betwixt leprechauns or Logherymans from different regions:^[37]

• The Northern Leprechaun or Logheryman wore a "armed forces red glaze and white breeches, with a wide-brimmed, loftier, pointed lid, on which he would sometimes stand up upside down".
• The Lurigadawne of Tipperary wore an "antique slashed jacket of red, with peaks all round and a jockey cap, too sporting a sword, which he uses as a magic wand".
• The Luricawne of Kerry was a "fat, pursy little fellow whose jolly circular face rivals in redness the cut-a-way jacket he wears, that always has seven rows of seven buttons in each row".
• The Cluricawne of Monaghan wore "a swallow-tailed evening coat of red with light-green belong, white breeches, black stockings," shiny shoes, and a "long cone hat without a brim," sometimes used as a weapon.

In a poem entitled The Lepracaun; or, Fairy Shoemaker, 18th century Irish poet William Allingham describes the advent of the leprechaun equally:

...A wrinkled, wizen'd, and bearded Elf,

Spectacles stuck on his pointed nose, Silver buckles to his hose,

Leather apron — shoe in his lap...^[38]

The mod image of the leprechaun sitting on a toadstool, having a crimson beard and dark-green hat, etc. is clearly a more modern invention, or borrowed from other strands of European folklore.^[39] The almost probable explanation for the modern day Leprechaun appearance is that green is a traditional national Irish gaelic colour dating dorsum as far as 1642.^[twoscore] The lid might exist derived from the way of outdated fashion withal mutual in Ireland in the 19th century. This style of style was commonly worn past Irish immigrants to the United States, since some Elizabethan era clothes were still common in Ireland in the 19th century long after they were out of mode, as depicted by the Stage Irish. The buckle shoes and other garments likewise have their origin in the Elizabethan period in Ireland.

A life-size airship leprechaun at Boston'southward St Patrick'south 24-hour interval Parade in 2018.

The leprechaun is related to the clurichaun and the far darrig in that he is a solitary beast. Some writers even go as far as to substitute these 2d ii less well-known spirits for the leprechaun in stories or tales to reach a wider audience. The clurichaun is considered by some to be merely a leprechaun on a drinking spree.^[41]

In politics

In the politics of the Commonwealth of Ireland, leprechauns have been used to refer to the twee aspects of the tourism field in Ireland.^{[42] [43]} This can be seen from this example of John A. Costello addressing the Oireachtas in 1963—

For many years, we were affected with the miserable trivialities of our tourist advertisement. Sometimes it descended to the lowest depths, to the caubeen and the shillelagh, non to speak of the leprechaun.^[43]

Popular culture

Films, television cartoons and advertising take popularised a specific epitome of leprechauns which bears little resemblance to annihilation found in the cycles of Irish sociology. It has been argued that the popularised paradigm of a leprechaun is little more than a series of stereotypes based on derogatory 19th-century caricatures.^{[44] [45]}

Many Celtic Music groups have used the term Leprechaun LeperKhanz as office of their naming convention or as an album title. Fifty-fifty pop forms of American music take used the mythological grapheme, including heavy metal, celtic metal, punk rock and jazz.

• Possibly the most notable of all is Lucky the mascot of Lucky Charms cereal, fabricated by Full general Mills.
• The Notre Dame Leprechaun is the official mascot of the Fighting Irish sports teams at the University of Notre Dame
• Boston Celtics logo features the mascot of the team, Lucky the Leprechaun
• Professional wrestler Dylan Mark Postl competed and appeared equally Hornswoggle, a leprechaun who lived under the ring, for the bulk of his WWE tenure.
• The 1993 American horror slasher-moving picture Leprechaun and its sequels feature a killer leprechaun portrayed by Warwick Davis.

Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman coined the term "leprechaun economic science" to describe distorted or unsound economic data, which he start used in a tweet on 12 July 2016 in response to the publication by the Irish gaelic Central Statistics Office (CSO) that Irish GDP had grown by 26.3%, and Irish GNP had grown by 18.7%, in the 2015 Irish national accounts. The growth was after shown to be due to Apple restructuring its double Irish revenue enhancement scheme which the European union Committee had fined €13bn in 2004–2014 Irish unpaid taxes, the largest corporate tax fine in history. The term has been used many times since.^{[ citation needed ]}

In America, Leprechauns are oft associated with St. Patrick's Day along with the colour green and shamrocks.^{[ citation needed ]}

The saga and Disney

The Disney film Darby O'Gill and the Footling People (1959)—based on Herminie Templeton Kavanagh'south Darby O'Gill books—which features a leprechaun king, is a work in which Fergus mac Léti was "featured parenthetically".^[46] In the film, the captured leprechaun male monarch grants three wishes, like Fergus in the saga.

While the motion picture project was in evolution, Walt Disney was in contact with, and consulting Séamus Delargy and the Irish gaelic Folklore Commission, only never asked for leprechaun material, even though a large folkloric repository on such subject was housed by the committee.^{[47] [g]}

See also

• Crichton Leprechaun
• Irish gaelic mythology in popular culture
• Leprechaun traps
• Mooinjer veggey
• Sleih beggey

Explanatory notes

1. ^ Another (intermediary) course is luchrupán, listed by Ernst Windisch,^[4] which is identified as Middle Irish by the OED ^[five] Windisch does not comment on this being the root to English language "leprechaun"
2. ^ Patrick Dinneen (1927) defines as "a pigmy, a sprite, or leprechaun".^[9]
3. ^ The root corp, which was borrowed from the Latin corpus, attests to the early influence of Ecclesiastical Latin on the Irish linguistic communication.^[13]
4. ^ Cf. Yeats (1888), p. fourscore.
5. ^ Or Yeats of "armchair folklore", to use a moniker from Kinahan'due south newspaper.^[21]
6. ^ The anthologist Charles Squire makes the farther considers the Irish gaelic fairy to be part of the tradition of the Tuatha Dé Danann, whereas the leprachaun, puca (and the English/Scottish household spirits) have a different origin.^[29]
7. ^ The Committee would take preferred the project exist not about leprechauns, and Delargy was clearly of this sentiment.^[48] The commission's archivist Bríd Mahon also recalls suggesting as alternatives the heroic sagas similar the Táin or the novel The Well at the World's Cease, to no avail.Tracy (2010), p. 48

References

Citations

1. ^ "Leprechaun: a new etymology". pecker.celt.dias.ie . Retrieved 4 March 2021.
2. ^ Binchy (1952), p. 41n2.
3. ^ Ó hÓgáin, Dáithí (1991). Myth, Fable & Romance: An encyclopaedia of the Irish folk tradition. New York: Prentice Hall. p. 270. ISBN9780132759595.
4. ^ Windisch, Ernst (1880). Irische Texte mit Wörterbuch. Whitley Stokes. Leipzig: S. Hirzel. p. 839.
5. ^ Windisch cited every bit "Cf. Windisch Gloss." in The Oxford English Lexicon due south. 5. "leprechaun", 2nd ed., 1989, OED Online "leprechaun", Oxford University Printing, (subscription needed) sixteen July 2009.
6. ^ ^{a b} Ó Giolláin (1984), p. 75.
7. ^ O'Donovan's supplement in O'Reilly, Edward (1864) An Irish-English Lexicon, s.v. "lugharcán, lugracán, lupracán".
8. ^ ^{a b c} O'Donovan in O'Reilly (1817)Irish Dict. Suppl., cited in The Oxford English language Dictionary southward.v. "leprechaun", 2d ed, 1989, OED Online, Oxford University Press, (subscription needed) 16 July 2009.
9. ^ Patrick S. Dinneen, Foclóir Gaedhilge agus Béarla (Dublin: Irish gaelic Texts Society, 1927).
10. ^ ^{a b} O'Reilly, Edward (1864) An Irish-English Dictionary, s.v. "leithbrágan".
11. ^ ^{a b} "leprechaun" The Oxford English Lexicon, 2nd ed., 1989, OED Online, Oxford University Press, (subscription needed) 16 July 2009
12. ^ Stokes, Whitley (1870). "Mythological Notes". Revue Celtique. 16 (Contributions in Memory of Osborn Bergin): 256–257.
13. ^ "leprechaun" The American Heritage Lexicon of the English language, quaternary ed., 2004, Dictionary.com, Houghton Mifflin Company, 16 July 2009.
14. ^ Leprechaun 'is not a native Irish word' new dictionary reveals, BBC, 5 September 2019.
15. ^ Lost Irish words rediscovered, including the discussion for 'oozes pus', Queen's University Belfast research for the Dictionary of the Irish Linguistic communication reported past Cambridge University.
16. ^ lupracán, luchorpán on the Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language (accessed half dozen September 2019)
17. ^ Koch, p. 1059; 1200.
18. ^ Koch, p. 1200.
19. ^ Binchy (1952) ed. & trans., "The Saga of Fergus mac Léti"
20. ^ Winberry (1976), p. 63.
21. ^ Kinahan (1983).
22. ^ Yeats (1888), p. 80.
23. ^ Winberry (1976), p. 72.
24. ^ Kinahan (1983), p. 257 and annotation 5.
25. ^ Harvey, Clodagh Brennan (1987). "The Supernatural in Immigrant and Ethnic Folklore: Conflict or Coexistence?". Folklore and Mythology Studies. ten: 26.
26. ^ ^{a b} Winberry (1976), p. 63: "The leprechaun is unique amidst Irish fairies and should non be confused with the Aes Sidhe, the 'good people', who populate the fairy mounds and raths, steal children, beguile humans, and perform other malicious pranks. "; likewise partially quoted by Harvey.^[25]
27. ^ O'Hanlon (1870), p. 237: "The Luricane, Lurigadawne, or Leprechawn, is an elf essentially to be discriminated from the wandering sighes, or trooping fairies."
28. ^ McAnally (1888), p. 93: "Unlike Leprechawns, the good people are not solitary, but quite sociable"; quoted by Kinahan (1983), p. 257.
29. ^ Squire, Charles (1905). The Mythology of the British Islands: An Introduction to Celtic Myth, Legend, Poetry, and Romance. London: Blackie and Son. pp. 247–248, 393, 403.
30. ^ O'Hanlon (1870), p. 237.
31. ^ McAnally (1888), p. 93.
32. ^ Yeats (1888), p. 80.
33. ^ McAnally, Irish Wonders, 140.
34. ^ "Little Guy Way". Archived from the original on 29 July 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
35. ^ From Legends and Stories of Ireland
36. ^ From Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish gaelic Peasantry.
37. ^ McAnally, Irish Wonders, 140–142.
38. ^ William Allingham – The Leprechaun Archived 1 May 2010 at the Wayback Machine
39. ^ A dictionary of Celtic mythology
40. ^ Andries Burgers (21 May 2006). "Ireland: Green Flag". Flags of the Globe. Citing K. A. Hayes-McCoy, A History of Irish Flags from primeval times (1979)
41. ^ Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, 321.
42. ^ "Dáil Éireann – Volume 495 – 20 October, 1998 – Tourist Traffic Nib, 1998: 2d Stage". Archived from the original on 15 May 2006.
43. ^ ^{a b} "Dáil Éireann – Volume 206 – 11 December, 1963 Committee on Finance. – Vote 13—An Chomhairle Ealaoín". Archived from the original on 12 March 2007.
44. ^ Venable, Shannon (2011). Golden: A Cultural Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. pp. 196–197.
45. ^ Diane Negra, ed. (22 February 2006). The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity, and Pop Culture. Knuckles University Printing. p.^{[ page needed ]}. ISBN0-8223-3740-1.
46. ^ O Croinin, Daibhi (2016). Early Medieval Republic of ireland 400-1200 (second revised ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 96. ISBN9781317192701.
47. ^ Tracy (2010), p. 35
48. ^ Tracy (2010), p. fifty.

Bibliography

• Binchy, D. A. (1952). "The Saga of Fergus Mac Léti". Ériu. 16 (Contributions in Retentiveness of Osborn Bergin): 33–48. JSTOR 30007384. ; online text via UCD.
• Briggs, Katharine. An Encyclopedia of Fairies: Hobgoblins, Brownies, Bogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures. New York: Pantheon, 1978.
• Croker, T. C. Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland. London: William Tegg, 1862.
• Hyde, Douglas. Beside The Burn. London: David Nutt, 1910.
• Kane, W. F. de Vismes (31 March 1917). "Notes on Irish Folklore (Continued)". Folklore. 28 (1): 87–94. doi:10.1080/0015587x.1917.9718960. ISSN 0015-587X. JSTOR 1255221.
• Keightley, T. The Fairy Mythology: Illustrative of the Romance and Superstition of Various Countries. London: H. G. Bohn, 1870.
• Kinahan, F. (1983), "Armchair Sociology: Yeats and the Textual Sources of "Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry"", Proceedings of the Royal Irish University. Department C: Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, 83C: 255–267, JSTOR 25506103
• Koch, John T. (2006). Celtic Civilization: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN1851094407.
• Lover, South. Legends and Stories of Ireland. London: Baldwin and Cradock, 1831.
• O'Hanlon, John (1870), "XVII: The Solitary Fairies", Irish folk lore: traditions and superstitions of the country, pp. 237–241
• Ó Giolláin, Diarmuid (1984). "The Leipreachán and Fairies, Dwarfs and the Household Familiar: A Comparative Study". Béaloideas. 52: 75–150. doi:10.2307/20522237. JSTOR 20522237.
• McAnally, David Russell (1888). Irish Wonders: The Ghosts, Giants, Pookas, Demons, Leprechawns, Banshees, Fairies, Witches, Widows, Former Maids, and Other Marvels of the Emerald Isle. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin.
• Negra, D. [ed.]. The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity and Popular Culture. Durham, NC: Knuckles University Printing. 2006. ISBN 978-0-8223-8784-eight.
• Tracy, Tony (2010). "When Disney Met Delargy: 'Darby O'Gill' and the Irish Sociology Commission". Béaloideas. 78: 44–lx. JSTOR 41412207.
• Winberry, John J. (1976). "The Elusive Elf: Some Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of the Irish Leprechaun". Sociology. 87 (1): 63–75. ISSN 0015-587X. JSTOR 1259500.
• Wilde, Jane. [Speranza, pseud.]. Aboriginal Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland. London : Ward and Downey, 1887.
• Yeats, William Butler (1888), "The Legend of Knockgrafton", Fairy and Folk Tales of the Irish Peasantry, London: W. Scott

External links

• Works related to Leprechaun at Wikisource

This folio was terminal edited on 27 Feb 2022, at 17:57

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