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Your Digestive System

Medically Reviewed by Jennifer Robinson, MD on June 21, 2020

Your digestive system is uniquely designed to turn the nutrient you lot eat into nutrients, which the trunk uses for energy, growth and cell repair. Here's how it works.

Mouth

The mouth is the beginning of the digestive tract. In fact, digestion starts here every bit soon as you take the offset bite of a meal. Chewing breaks the nutrient into pieces that are more than hands digested, while saliva mixes with nutrient to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your torso can absorb and utilise.

Throat

Besides called the pharynx, the throat is the next destination for nutrient you've eaten. From here, food travels to the esophagus or swallowing tube.

Esophagus

The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the tummy. By ways of a series of contractions, called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers nutrient to the stomach. Just before the connection to the breadbasket in that location is a "zone of high force per unit area," called the lower esophageal sphincter; this is a "valve" meant to go on food from passing backwards into the esophagus.

Stomach

The stomach is a sac-like organ with strong muscular walls. In addition to property the food, information technology's besides a mixer and grinder. The tummy secretes acid and powerful enzymes that continue the process of breaking down the food. When it leaves the breadbasket, food is the consistency of a liquid or paste. From in that location the nutrient moves to the small intestine.

Small Intestine

Made up of three segments, the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, the minor intestine is a long tube loosely coiled in the belly (spread out, information technology would be more than 20 feet long). The small intestine continues the procedure of breaking down food by using enzymes released past the pancreas and bile from the liver. Bile is a compound that aids in the digestion of fatty and eliminates waste product products from the blood. Peristalsis (contractions) is besides at work in this organ, moving food through and mixing it up with digestive secretions. The duodenum is largely responsible for standing the process of breaking downwards nutrient, with the jejunum and ileum beingness mainly responsible for the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.

Iii organs play a pivotal office in helping the stomach and small intestine digest nutrient:

Pancreas

Amongst other functions, the oblong pancreas secretes enzymes into the minor intestine. These enzymes break downwards protein, fat, and carbohydrates from the nutrient we consume.

Liver

The liver has many functions, but ii of its master functions within the digestive arrangement are to make and secrete bile, and to cleanse and purify the blood coming from the minor intestine containing the nutrients just absorbed.

Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped reservoir that sits just nether the liver and stores bile. Bile is made in the liver so if it needs to be stored travels to the gallbladder through a aqueduct chosen the cystic duct. During a repast, the gallbladder contracts, sending bile to the small-scale intestine.

Once the nutrients take been absorbed and the leftover liquid has passed through the small intestine, what is left of the nutrient you ate is handed over to the big intestine, or colon.

Colon (Large Intestine)

The colon is a 5- to 6-human foot-long muscular tube that connects the cecum (the first office of the large intestine to the rectum (the last function of the large intestine). It is made up of the cecum, the ascending (correct) colon, the transverse (beyond) colon, the descending (left) colon, and the sigmoid colon (so-called for its "South" shape; the Greek letter for Southward is called the sigma), which connects to the rectum.

Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is passed through the colon by means of peristalsis (contractions), starting time in a liquid state and ultimately in solid form as the water is removed from the stool. A stool is stored in the sigmoid colon until a "mass move" empties it into the rectum once or twice a day. It normally takes about 36 hours for stool to go through the colon. The stool itself is mostly food debris and bacteria. These bacteria perform several useful functions, such every bit synthesizing various vitamins, processing waste matter products and nutrient particles, and protecting confronting harmful bacteria. When the descending colon becomes full of stool, or feces, it empties its contents into the rectum to brainstorm the process of emptying.

Rectum

The rectum (Latin for "straight") is an 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. Information technology is the rectum's job to receive stool from the colon, to let you lot know at that place is stool to be evacuated, and to hold the stool until evacuation happens. When annihilation (gas or stool) comes into the rectum, sensors ship a bulletin to the brain. The brain then decides if the rectal contents tin be released or non. If they tin, the sphincters (muscles) relax and the rectum contracts, expelling its contents. If the contents cannot be expelled, the sphincters contract and the rectum accommodates, so that the sensation temporarily goes away.

Anus

The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It consists of the pelvic floor muscles and the ii anal sphincters (internal and external muscles). The lining of the upper anus is specialized to detect rectal contents. Information technology lets us know whether the contents are liquid, gas, or solid. The pelvic floor muscle creates an angle between the rectum and the anus that stops stool from coming out when information technology is not supposed to. The anal sphincters provide fine control of stool. The internal sphincter keeps us from going to the bath when we are comatose, or otherwise unaware of the presence of stool. When we become an urge to go to the bathroom, we rely on our external sphincter to keep the stool in until we can get to the toilet.

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Source: https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/your-digestive-system

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